How to Pronounce -ed
The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:
如何给”-ed “发音
所有规则动词的过去简单时和过去分词都以-ed结尾。例如：
In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:
The question is, how do we pronounce the -ed? The answer is, in 3 ways:
此外，很多形容词都是由过去分词构成，所以以-ed结尾。比如说：”I like painted furniture:
我喜欢油漆家具
问题是，我们该如何读出-ed？ 答案是，有3种方式。范老师口头禅：清清浊浊，/t/和/d/后面读/id/
- /ɪd/
- /t/
- /d/
| If the base verb ends in one of these sounds如果基础动词的结尾是这些音中的一个 | example base verb* | example with -ed | pronounce the -ed as | extra syllable额外音节? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /t/ | want | wanted | /ɪd/ | yes | |
| /d/ | end | ended | |||
| unvoiced清音 | /p/ | hope | hoped | /t/ | no |
| /f/ | laugh | laughed | |||
| /s/ | fax | faxed | |||
| /ʃ/ | wash | washed | |||
| /ʧ/ | watch | watched | |||
| /k/ | like | liked | |||
| voiced浊音 | all other sounds, eg | play | played | /d/ | |
| allow | allowed | ||||
| beg | begged | ||||
*Note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, fax ends in the letter x but the sound /s/; like ends in the letter e but the sound /k/.*注意，重要的是音标，而不是字母或拼写。例如，fax以字母x结尾，但发声/s/；like以字母e结尾，但发声/k/。
Exceptions 例外（范老师：这些形容词中ed大多数不是因为变过去式或过去分词而加上去的，是本身就在单词中固有的）
The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /ɪd/:
- aged （/ˈeɪdʒɪd/adj. very old)
- dogged
- ragged (/ˈræɡɪd/ torn and in bad condition)
- blessed (/ˈblesɪd/, /blest/
- learned ( /ˈlɜːnɪd, having a lot of knowledge because you have studied and read a lot)
- wicked
- crooked (/ˈkrʊkɪd/ bent, twisted, or not in a straight line 弯曲的；不直的；歪的)
- naked
- wretched (/ˈretʃɪd/ adjective someone who is wretched is very unhappy or ill, and you feel sorry for them 极不愉快的；病得很重的；极不幸的)
So we say:
- an aged man /ɪd/
- a blessed nuisance /ɪd/
- a dogged persistence /ɪd/
- a learned professor – the professor, who was truly learned /ɪd/
- a wretched beggar – the beggar was wretched /ɪd/
But when used as real verbs (past simple and past participle), the normal rules apply and we say:
- he aged quickly /d/
- he blessed me /t/
- they dogged him /d/
- he has learned well /d/ or /t/